What Are The Testing Items And Standards For Steel Materials?
Jul 30, 2026
Steel is the primary building‑material for bridge construction. It integrates numerous advantages: light self‑weight, high strength, excellent plasticity and toughness, superior seismic performance, high level of industrial prefabrication, remarkable comprehensive economic benefits, attractive appearance, and compliance with green‑building concepts. Favored by architects and structural engineers, steel is widely adopted in various building structures. What inspection items are required for steel materials? Below is the well‑organized checklist for your reference and collection!
1. Types of Steel Materials
Wire rods: Ordinary wire rods, high‑speed wire rods, deformed reinforcing bars
Profiles: I‑beams, channel steels, angle steels, square steels, heavy rails, high‑speed‑tool steels, H‑beams, round bars, unequal‑leg angles, flat steels, light rails, gear steels, hexagon steels, heat‑resistant steel bars, alloy‑structural round steels, alloy‑tool round steels, square tubes, carbon‑tool steels, bearing steels, carbon‑structural round steels, stainless‑steel round bars, bearing round steels, rectangular tubes, spring steels
Plates & sheets: Medium‑heavy plates, pressure‑vessel plates, medium plates, carbon‑structural plates, boiler plates, low‑alloy plates, checkered plates, cold‑rolled sheets, hot‑rolled sheets, cold‑rolled coils, hot‑rolled coils, galvanized sheets, electro‑galvanized sheets, electro‑galvanized coils, manganese‑alloy plates, stainless‑steel plates, silicon‑steel sheets, pre‑painted sheets, color‑coated corrugated sheets, hot‑dip galvanized coils, hot‑rolled strips
Tubes & pipes: Welded pipes, stainless‑steel pipes, hot‑dip galvanized pipes, electro‑galvanized pipes, seamless pipes, spiral‑welded pipes, hot‑rolled seamless pipes
Other metallic materials: Pig iron, tin‑plate, aluminium, lead, brass, tin, zinc
2. Steel Inspection Items
Physical properties
Magnetic property, electrical property, thermal property, oxidation‑resistance, wear resistance, salt‑spray test, corrosion performance, density, thermal‑expansion coefficient, elastic modulus, hardness
Chemical corrosion performance
Atmospheric corrosion, inter‑granular corrosion, stress corrosion, pitting corrosion, corrosion fatigue, artificial‑atmosphere corrosion
Mechanical properties
Tensile test, bending test, yield performance, fatigue test, torsion test, stress test, stress relaxation, impact test, wear test, hardness test (Brinell, Rockwell, Vickers, micro‑hardness etc.), hydraulic‑pressure resistance, tensile creep, flaring test, flattening test, compression test, shear strength
Technological properties
Fine‑wire tensile test, fracture examination, reverse bending test, double‑direction torsion test, hydraulic test, flaring, bending, crimping, flattening, ring expansion, ring tension, microstructure examination, metallographic analysis
Non‑destructive testing (NDT)
X‑ray NDT, electromagnetic ultrasonic testing, ultrasonic testing, eddy‑current testing, magnetic‑flux‑leakage testing, liquid‑penetrant testing, magnetic‑particle testing
Failure analysis
Fracture analysis, corrosion analysis
Metallographic examination
Macro‑metallography, micro‑metallography
Elemental analysis
Determination of C, S, P, Mn, Si, Cr, Ni content; material grade identification
3. Partial Relevant Inspection Standards
GB/T 18590‑2001 Corrosion of metals and alloys - Evaluation method for pitting corrosion
GB/T 14995‑2010 Hot‑rolled superalloy sheets
GB/T 14996‑2010 Cold‑rolled superalloy sheets
GB/T 10567.1‑1997 Test method for residual stress of wrought copper and copper alloys - Mercurous nitrate test
GB/T 10686‑2013 Test method for explosion‑proof performance of copper‑alloy tools
GB/T 19869.2‑2012 Welding‑procedure qualification test for aluminium and aluminium alloys
GB/T 15114‑2009 Aluminium‑alloy die castings
GB/T 15530.1‑2008 Integrally cast copper‑alloy flanges
GB/T 1527‑2006 Drawn copper and copper‑alloy tubes GB/T 16865‑2013 Specimens and test methods for tensile tests of wrought aluminium, magnesium and their alloy products
